A Closer Look: The Link Between Bariatric Surgery and Gallstones

Bariatric surgery, also known as weight loss surgery, is an effective way for obese individuals to lose weight and improve their overall health. However, like any surgery, it does come with some risks and potential complications. One of these complications is the development of gallstones. Gallstones can cause pain, discomfort, and even require surgery to remove. In this article, we will explore why gallstones can develop after bariatric surgery and what patients can do to prevent them.

Function of the Gallbladder

The gallbladder is a small organ located just below the liver that aids in digestion by storing and releasing bile. Bariatric surgery alters the digestive system by either reducing the size of the stomach or bypassing a portion of the small intestine, which can impact the gallbladder’s function and increase the risk of gallstones. This is because when food is not being absorbed and passing through the stomach as quickly, the bile may become concentrated, leading to the formation of gallstones.

Gallstone Risk Factors

One study found that up to 30% of patients who underwent bariatric surgery developed gallstones within the first year following the procedure. Patients who were older, female, or had a higher preoperative BMI were at a higher risk of developing gallstones. Additionally, rapid weight loss after bariatric surgery can increase the likelihood of gallstones forming.

Preventing Gallstones

Although gallstones can be a common complication after bariatric surgery, there are steps that patients can take to decrease their risk. One of the most important ways to prevent gallstones is to follow a healthy diet. This includes consuming plenty of fiber-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables, and avoiding high-fat and high-cholesterol foods. Patients should also make sure to stay hydrated and avoid rapid weight loss.

Another effective way to prevent gallstones after bariatric surgery is to undergo a prophylactic cholecystectomy, or the removal of the gallbladder before the patient experiences any symptoms or complications. This procedure is not recommended for all patients, as it is associated with its own set of risks and potential complications. However, for patients who are at a higher risk of developing gallstones, it may be worth considering.

Gallstone Removal

If a patient does develop gallstones after bariatric surgery, they may require surgery to remove them. This can usually be done laparoscopically, which is a less invasive procedure that involves small incisions and faster recovery time. In some cases, medications may be used to dissolve the gallstones, but this is typically only effective for small stones.

Conclusion

Although gallstones can be a potential complication of bariatric surgery, patients can take steps to reduce their risk and prevent any associated complications. By following a healthy diet, staying hydrated, and discussing the possibility of prophylactic cholecystectomy with their healthcare provider if necessary, patients can enjoy the benefits of bariatric surgery without having to worry about gallstones. If you are considering bariatric surgery, make sure to research the potential risks and complications and discuss them with your healthcare team to determine if the benefits outweigh the risks for you. Contact Houston Weight Loss to schedule a Free consultation.